WEBVTT Kind: captions; language: en-us NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:08.900 So, I hope the transcription exercise was not too boring, but it was meant to be boring. 00:00:08.900 --> 00:00:17.000 Definitely it's really hard. It's really hard to transcribe. Okay. The good news is that there are 00:00:17.000 --> 00:00:25.250 some softwares and tools that can help you, at least with the raw transcription NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 84% (H?Y) 00:00:25.250 --> 00:00:35.700 and this makes a bit faster, even Microsoft Word has a function to do this, but really a raw 00:00:35.700 --> 00:00:43.400 transcription. However, even when using software, you have to learn how to do that by hand. Because, 00:00:43.400 --> 00:00:54.200 again, this is part of your analysis. Transcribing is part of the analysis. Okay? Now, I have a 00:00:54.200 --> 00:00:55.900 couple of questions from home NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:00:55.900 --> 00:01:04.300 that I want to answer. But before that, do you have any question about this activity or any comment 00:01:04.300 --> 00:01:08.000 about his activity? Please. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 87% (H?Y) 00:01:08.000 --> 00:01:33.500 *student asking question* NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 87% (H?Y) 00:01:33.500 --> 00:01:40.300 Actually, I think that this is not the 00:01:40.300 --> 00:01:52.100 exact... because do you mean the RO point in high up, which is? *student continues* 00:01:52.100 --> 00:02:00.350 It can be in different ways. When someone is shouting you can just do like in email. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (H?Y) 00:02:00.350 --> 00:02:08.300 You just use all capital letters. Yeah, that's a way of transcribing. There are small differences in the 00:02:08.300 --> 00:02:13.700 rules. So don't worry if you use one rather than another. In the case of Jefferson 00:02:13.700 --> 00:02:29.100 transcription, which I don't remember, how is the shouting side? What did you use again? Okay. Okay, 00:02:29.100 --> 00:02:30.450 Now I got it. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (H?Y) 00:02:30.450 --> 00:02:45.200 That sign is the speed of the speech. Okay, sorry. So if it's like this, I hope you can 00:02:45.200 --> 00:02:49.500 see. Let me see if they can see from home. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 70% (MEDIUM) 00:02:50.700 --> 00:03:05.750 Okay, the question is about the sign like this and this, these two signs mean 00:03:05.750 --> 00:03:12.500 the speed of the speech. So if I write like this, NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:03:12.700 --> 00:03:18.200 or I can write like this. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 86% (H?Y) 00:03:19.200 --> 00:03:29.800 In this case it means that I'm saying I'm Luca, in this case I'm saying I'm Luuucaaa. So this is faster 00:03:29.800 --> 00:03:45.500 than usual. And this is slower than usual. So it's like it's compressed and is stretched. *student asking question* 00:03:45.500 --> 00:03:49.850 It depends on, if I say, I'm Luca, say I am Luca, NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:03:49.850 --> 00:03:59.700 so it becomes here. Okay, exactly. These signs tells you how to read the transcription. 00:03:59.700 --> 00:04:06.500 Usually, you have two ways when someone is shouting, either you write everything in capitals, or 00:04:06.500 --> 00:04:18.600 you can stress. Sometimes you also find this arrow pointing up, but this is the tone. So it means 00:04:18.600 --> 00:04:20.850 that here I'm saying I'm Luca, NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:04:20.850 --> 00:04:29.200 If you see here I'm Luca... Okay, like for instance when you have a question. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:04:29.200 --> 00:04:31.450 ''Are you asking something? '' NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:04:31.450 --> 00:04:38.500 Okay, that's how you transcribe. Yeah, other questions? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (H?Y) 00:04:41.900 --> 00:04:51.400 How much did you, also from home, how much you were able to transcribe? Everything or not? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (H?Y) 00:04:57.600 --> 00:05:04.600 This is another thing that's that requires practice. The more you practice, the 00:05:04.600 --> 00:05:07.200 more you go faster, please. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 79% (H?Y) 00:05:07.200 --> 00:05:17.700 *student asking question* 00:05:17.200 --> 00:05:27.700 ''How you transcribe whispering? '' If you can't hear, you can just 00:05:27.700 --> 00:05:30.700 write like this. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (H?Y) 00:05:31.900 --> 00:05:35.800 ''Whispering. '' Okay. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:05:35.800 --> 00:05:39.100 *student asking question* 00:05:39.100 --> 00:05:56.800 Perfect. That's another thing, that's called overlapping. So how you do this? 00:05:56.800 --> 00:06:09.400 Okay, the teacher is saying shut up. ''Shut up. Shut up. '' NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:06:11.300 --> 00:06:23.049 The second line then is whispering. Okay. You cannot hear, so you write a comment. He's whispering 00:06:23.049 --> 00:06:29.700 you say that while this guy is still saying ''shut up'', NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 68% (MEDIUM) 00:06:32.000 --> 00:06:41.700 he is whispering. So the square brackets means overlapping speech. Okay, that's all you do it. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 82% (H?Y) 00:06:47.800 --> 00:07:10.400 *Luca talking with assistant* NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 80% (H?Y) 00:07:10.400 --> 00:07:26.500 So arrows pointing inward is this is fast speech, 00:07:26.500 --> 00:07:31.799 pointing outward is slowing speech. Then overlapping is NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 87% (H?Y) 00:07:31.799 --> 00:07:41.000 signed by square brackets. So here it means that the teacher is saying ''shut up'' 00:07:41.000 --> 00:07:48.300 while you seeing Hap whispering. So whispering is overlapping with 00:07:48.300 --> 00:08:00.300 the Hap. Okay, but that was it basically. So now I go back to sharing because I want you to tell you a 00:08:00.300 --> 00:08:01.750 couple of things. So the answer NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (H?Y) 00:08:01.750 --> 00:08:10.000 to the questions that I got from home. Basically there was one important kind of 00:08:10.000 --> 00:08:17.150 question. Okay? Why you are talking sometimes about analysis, sometimes about transcription 00:08:17.150 --> 00:08:24.850 and sometimes about presentation? Because especially in qualitative research, these three actions are 00:08:24.850 --> 00:08:31.849 really related to each other. Okay? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (H?Y) 00:08:31.849 --> 00:08:45.500 So as you may remember from the 00:08:45.500 --> 00:08:51.300 presentation, data analysis, the part of the analysis is the moment 00:08:51.300 --> 00:09:01.400 in which you create the new knowledge. And you create the new knowledge by trying to answer NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (H?Y) 00:09:01.750 --> 00:09:08.800 your research question from the analysis of the data using the glasses, the lenses, the googles of your 00:09:08.800 --> 00:09:21.900 theory. The way you described or present or write your data is part of the interpretation. 00:09:21.900 --> 00:09:28.400 For instance, as I say, transcribing is already interpreted. Why? Because, for instance, when you 00:09:28.400 --> 00:09:31.750 say, ''Oh, this is whispering and is NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 82% (H?Y) 00:09:31.750 --> 00:09:40.300 overlapping with talking.'' , you are already starting to interpret, you are not just describing. Let me 00:09:40.300 --> 00:09:50.400 give you more concrete examples of this. In qualitative research 00:09:50.400 --> 00:09:57.900 you craft the data. So imagine that you are who is making ceramics. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 87% (H?Y) 00:09:57.900 --> 00:10:02.599 How do you do ceramics? Hands on, NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 90% (H?Y) 00:10:02.599 --> 00:10:12.500 you work on it to give a shape. Of course, you cannot give all the shapes. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 73% (MEDIUM) 00:10:14.250 --> 00:10:21.600 There are some physical limits, you cannot stretch as you want. Somehow it's 00:10:21.600 --> 00:10:31.600 compromising, the negotiation between the raw data so to speak and your work on it. You give them a 00:10:31.600 --> 00:10:42.250 shape and this shape is your interpretation. Usually what we do? The most common way is that 00:10:42.250 --> 00:10:44.600 we interview people, NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 65% (MEDIUM) 00:10:44.600 --> 00:10:53.400 we describe the interview and then we do some analysis on the interview. Like the one we saw on Wednesday, 00:10:53.400 --> 00:11:01.700 you can do to metaanalysis, you can do more interpretive analysis... But then how do 00:11:01.700 --> 00:11:13.300 you turn this analysis into something which is meaning visible to others? This again is still part 00:11:13.300 --> 00:11:14.700 of the research process. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:11:14.700 --> 00:11:23.750 So, I will show you some examples of the relationship between analysis, transcription and 00:11:23.750 --> 00:11:31.600 presentation of data. And I start, -- I hope it's going to be visible, also home. Otherwise, you have 00:11:31.600 --> 00:11:40.300 the link here -- I'll show you, I'll start from a very extreme example. Okay, let me see if I can do 00:11:40.300 --> 00:11:41.700 this. 00:11:47.500 --> 00:12:00.050 I show you just a small part of this. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:12:00.050 --> 00:12:15.600 Let me see if it works. Okay, just a second. 00:12:44.800 --> 00:13:59.900 *video playing* NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 78% (H?Y) 00:13:59.900 --> 00:14:08.300 I will stop it. You can watch it home if you want. So who was interested in 00:14:08.300 --> 00:14:10.500 document analysis? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:14:13.100 --> 00:14:16.750 This is actually document analysis. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:14:16.750 --> 00:14:27.700 So, you see how document analysis can be turned into this kind of product, which is telling you 00:14:27.700 --> 00:14:36.100 something, or is presenting some aspect that cannot emerge only by reading a document analysis. 00:14:36.100 --> 00:14:46.200 This is of course kind of extreme case. This was a very comprehensive study of that early 00:14:46.200 --> 00:14:47.350 century NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 68% (MEDIUM) 00:14:47.350 --> 00:15:00.700 female trade union movement in that factory in Canada. Okay. So you see it's really 00:15:00.700 --> 00:15:08.050 an extreme case, but that's exactly the outcome of document analysis. 00:15:08.050 --> 00:15:16.900 And of course presenting the data or the results of your analysis in this way 00:15:17.200 --> 00:15:19.800 gives you a certain kind of understanding NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (H?Y) 00:15:19.800 --> 00:15:32.500 off the results. 00:15:42.000 --> 00:15:48.700 Can you see it? Yeah. So this is an amazing example, other examples... NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:15:49.000 --> 00:16:00.599 Three different examples. So the first one, what is this? It's content analysis. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (H?Y) 00:16:00.599 --> 00:16:09.500 It's a way of organizing the result of your content analysis. Again, what is the difference between 00:16:09.500 --> 00:16:17.750 having just a list of categories, a list of themes and having this? This immediately is already 00:16:17.750 --> 00:16:24.400 a different interpretation of your data. It shows you immediately the relationship between the 00:16:24.400 --> 00:16:30.050 concept in a way that you can grasp immediately, and that can also make NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (H?Y) 00:16:30.050 --> 00:16:36.550 you think differently about the connection of delivery, generates new ideas. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:16:36.550 --> 00:16:47.300 Another example using comics. This is very, very common in ethnography. What is this? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:16:47.300 --> 00:16:50.050 Do you recognize this? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:16:50.050 --> 00:16:54.100 This is what you just done, transcription. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (H?Y) 00:16:54.100 --> 00:17:03.400 But the transcription is embedded in also in the description of the action. This can be 00:17:03.400 --> 00:17:09.500 very useful for privacy reasons. Why? Because you cannot show pictures of people, but you 00:17:09.500 --> 00:17:17.599 can show commics of people doing things. So you can give the information to the reader without 00:17:17.599 --> 00:17:22.300 violating the privacy of the person. So you don't show the, for instance, the picture of a 00:17:22.300 --> 00:17:24.599 child doing something. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (H?Y) 00:17:24.599 --> 00:17:31.800 At the same time, you still keep the formation or the action or the place, or the 00:17:31.800 --> 00:17:38.400 position of the child doing things. So this is not just a different representation, is a different 00:17:38.400 --> 00:17:45.600 interpretation of the data and is transmitting different types of information to the reader. 00:17:45.600 --> 00:17:47.850 So you see how NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (H?Y) 00:17:47.850 --> 00:17:57.100 it's almost infinite kind of possibilities. And actually, we are everyday 00:17:57.100 --> 00:18:07.500 somehow creating new forms of going from the transcription to the presentation of data. So don't 00:18:07.500 --> 00:18:16.300 be stuck on just a page of text. Okay? Use your creativity, which is not just like doing funny 00:18:16.300 --> 00:18:17.300 things. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 87% (H?Y) 00:18:17.300 --> 00:18:23.000 Creativity means new way of thinking, thinking about your data. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:18:26.200 --> 00:18:28.700 What else? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:18:28.700 --> 00:18:32.000 I think that's it. Yeah. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:18:33.900 --> 00:18:43.900 That's it. I don't have any other comment to the questions NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:18:44.700 --> 00:18:47.900 You have question NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 76% (H?Y) 00:18:47.900 --> 00:19:00.100 or comment so far? I see a bit shocked to see this kind of things. You never thought about this, right? 00:19:09.500 --> 00:19:20.100 It's become really, really common is because in a certain sense, I think that one of the problems in 00:19:20.100 --> 00:19:29.000 psychology for sure but also a little bit I think in education is that the academic writing 00:19:29.000 --> 00:19:33.750 standards are very poor, while other disciplines like NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 88% (H?Y) 00:19:33.750 --> 00:19:43.900 history, biology, ethnography, anthropology, nursing studies, I think that they 00:19:43.900 --> 00:19:53.000 went far, far more ahead in thinking about this thing. Also in the reflection about 00:19:53.000 --> 00:20:02.300 academic writing. That's why you don't see, usually this kind of things. 00:20:02.300 --> 00:20:03.699 When I talk about performance NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (H?Y) 00:20:03.699 --> 00:20:08.700 these methods, the video you show, that's performance-based method. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (H?Y) 00:20:09.200 --> 00:20:14.800 Imagine that you read, NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 81% (H?Y) 00:20:17.900 --> 00:20:26.100 it's exactly the same difference, of reading an article, psychology article about suicide and 00:20:26.100 --> 00:20:28.500 reading Anna Karenina. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:20:28.700 --> 00:20:35.650 That's exactly the same difference. I personally think that there is much more psychology of suicide 00:20:35.650 --> 00:20:42.800 in Anna Karenina that in any article of psychology. Why? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:20:44.000 --> 00:20:51.450 Of course, I'm not saying that we are doing a literature, of course there is a huge difference. 00:20:51.450 --> 00:21:00.000 But academic writing can be much richer if we start to think creatively 00:21:00.000 --> 00:21:03.700 how transcribe, analyze, and present our data. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:21:03.700 --> 00:21:05.700 *student asking question* NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:21:06.100 --> 00:21:16.700 The drawing behind me. Okay. I'm not really good at drawing. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 80% (H?Y) 00:21:16.700 --> 00:21:29.100 *student asking question* 00:21:29.100 --> 00:21:35.750 Which bracket? This square bracket or the round brackets? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 77% (H?Y) 00:21:35.750 --> 00:21:43.500 Because you have different ones. The example you have in this is a kind of 00:21:43.500 --> 00:21:46.400 simplified system. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 84% (H?Y) 00:21:47.900 --> 00:21:56.900 There are slightly different standard. Now I should stop sharing so 00:21:56.900 --> 00:22:04.800 people from home can see me. Okay, usuallyin the transcription system you have at least 00:22:04.800 --> 00:22:12.400 three different kind of brackets. You have square brackets, like this and this means in general 00:22:12.400 --> 00:22:17.650 overlapping of speech. Okay, and also here I made a small mistake. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:22:17.650 --> 00:22:26.200 Because actually, you should write this one exactly below this one. so you know exactly what 00:22:26.200 --> 00:22:36.450 is overlapping. This is one kind of brackets. Then you have round brackets, that here you use them 00:22:36.450 --> 00:22:45.100 to make a comment. Like, when you cannot really understand the word so you can write under not 00:22:45.100 --> 00:22:47.600 understandable, NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (H?Y) 00:22:47.600 --> 00:22:52.550 or things like that. And then you have the double NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:22:52.550 --> 00:23:03.500 round brackets which are your comments on it. Like if you want to say that while the 00:23:03.500 --> 00:23:14.800 person was saying that was also smiling, or was moving the leg very nervously. You use the 00:23:14.800 --> 00:23:23.100 double brackets to add your comments. So this is kind of common convention, but there are NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (H?Y) 00:23:23.100 --> 00:23:31.050 some differences in the transcription systems also because we have now softwares. 00:23:31.050 --> 00:23:40.300 So sometimes the softwares they want you to use some special symbols, but in 00:23:40.300 --> 00:23:47.000 general this is kind of common convention. So again, it depends on which brackets we talking 00:23:47.000 --> 00:23:52.550 about, but it can be a bit different from from system to system. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:23:52.550 --> 00:24:00.050 *student asking question* NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 77% (H?Y) 00:24:00.050 --> 00:24:12.000 ''How do you transcribe sign language? '' Super good question. I don't have an answer 00:24:12.000 --> 00:24:18.600 because I'm learning that too. So I cannot teach it unfortunately, but of course, there 00:24:18.600 --> 00:24:21.600 is a convention, there is a convention. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 89% (H?Y) 00:24:23.100 --> 00:24:31.500 If someone of you speak sign language, maybe you have seen something, you can tell us. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:24:32.800 --> 00:24:40.300 *student talking* NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (H?Y) 00:24:40.300 --> 00:24:56.300 I will learn this, definetly. But of course there is common convention. NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 71% (MEDIUM) 00:24:57.600 --> 00:25:01.300 Any other question, from home? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 86% (H?Y) 00:25:01.300 --> 00:25:07.000 *student asking question* NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 78% (H?Y) 00:25:09.600 --> 00:25:20.700 Jeffersonian. Because Jefferson is the guy who invented. If you are required to use the Jeffersonian 00:25:20.700 --> 00:25:33.650 transcription, I would say yes, if you for the example, this is something which is 00:25:33.650 --> 00:25:40.199 for SPED students, the idea of the Arbeidskrav NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 83% (H?Y) 00:25:40.199 --> 00:25:46.300 that you show that you have understood how does it work. So if you transcribe two or three 00:25:46.300 --> 00:25:52.800 lines with the Jeffersonian is fine. But you don't have to transcribe the 00:25:52.800 --> 00:26:00.800 whole interview that way. Okay, that's fine. Other question from home? NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 85% (H?Y) 00:26:02.000 --> 00:26:17.500 Okay, so well... I will see some of you again, with the SPED students we still have some meetings and I 00:26:17.500 --> 00:26:23.600 would like you to first of all, to thank you all for the patience, for being here, for doing the 00:26:23.600 --> 00:26:31.400 activities. This has been the first time I've created the course in this way. So I really, really 00:26:31.400 --> 00:26:32.500 ask you when NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 78% (H?Y) 00:26:32.500 --> 00:26:39.000 it's the moment to give feedback on this course, which will be very useful for me 00:26:39.000 --> 00:26:47.500 to improve it the next semesters. It's been a kind of experiment also for me and also to 00:26:47.500 --> 00:26:57.600 managefor all of us to manage this awkward situation, mix situation. I also hope that 00:26:57.600 --> 00:27:02.650 somehow you got in touch International and NOTE Treffsikkerhet: 91% (H?Y) 00:27:02.650 --> 00:27:10.400 the Norwegian students somehow, and yeah that's it. And if you have any further questions you think 00:27:10.400 --> 00:27:19.700 about something just write me and that's it. So by to all, thank you very much.