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              <h1>
      
      
      
        
      
      ECON4912
       – 
      Environmental, resource and energy economics for less developed countries</h1>
              <div id="vrtx-course-toc">
                <h2>Course description</h2>
      <ul class="left">
      
      
      
        <li><a href="#course-content">Course content</a></li>
        
      
      
      
        <li><a href="#learning-outcomes">Learning outcome</a></li>
        
      
      
      
      
      
        <li><a href="#admission">Admission</a></li>
        
      
      
      
      
      
        <li><a href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
        
      
      
      
      
      
        
          
            
          
        
      
      
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        <li><a href="#overlapping-courses">Overlapping courses</a></li>
        
      
      
      
      
      
      
        
        <li><a href="#teaching">Teaching</a></li>
        
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
        
        <li><a href="#exam">Examination</a></li>
        
      
      
      
      
        
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          <h2>Course content</h2>
          <p>This course is equivalent with&nbsp;<a href="/studier/emner/sv/oekonomi/ECON3912/index.html">ECON3912 – Environmental, resource and energy economics for less developed countries (discontinued)</a></p>

<p>The course addresses topics in environmental, natural resource and energy economics that are specific to, or particularly relevant for, less-developed (low-income, and middle-income) countries. The course focuses on and explains problems related to the environment, natural resources and energy that are particularly severe in lower-income countries, and on how institutional and governance problems create obstacles to achievement of targets. One important topic is the impacts of climate change on less developed countries, and these countries’ relationships to the Paris Agreement on international climate action.</p>

        </div>
      
      
      
        <div id="learning-outcomes">
          <h2>Learning outcome</h2>
          <p>After taking the course you should</p>

<ul>
	<li>Have a good understanding of environmental problems in developing countries, both those problems that may follow from activities in the countries themselves (such as pollution and urban congestion), and those that may follow from climate change</li>
	<li>Have a good knowledge of some widespread policy failures related to the management of natural resources and energy, such as fossil energy subsidies, and the “resource curse”, and their reasons</li>
	<li>Understand some of the policy paths, and institutional improvements, required to overcome these problems</li>
	<li>Understand how environmental problems in rich and poor countries differ</li>
</ul>

<h4>Skills</h4>

<p>On the basis of this course you should have developed the following skills:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Have a basic understanding of the most serious environmental and resource management problems in lower-income countries, and why they have not been adequately addressed to date</li>
	<li>Have a basic understanding of political and governance problems in lower-income countries</li>
	<li>Understand how institutional problems aggravate these problems, and what it may take to overcome the institutional barriers</li>
	<li>Understand how government policies may solve or reduce these problems</li>
</ul>

<h4>Competence</h4>

<p>On the basis of knowledge obtained in this course, you should</p>

<ul>
	<li>Be able to seriously address environmental, natural resource and energy issues and problems in less-developed countries</li>
	<li>Become acquainted with the literature on environmental, natural resource and energy issues and problems in less-developed countries</li>
	<li>Have a good basis for writing a Master Thesis within the topic area of the course</li>
</ul>

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        <div id="admission">
          <h2>Admission</h2>
              <p>Students admitted to study programmes at UiO must each semester register <a href="/english/studies/registrations/course-registration/">which courses and exams they wish to sign up for in Studentweb</a>.</p>

<p>Students not admitted to the Master’s programme in Economics or the Master’s programme in Economic Theory and Econometrics (Samfunns?konomisk analyse), <a href="/english/studies/admission/">can apply for admission to one of our study programmes</a>, or apply for <a href="https://www.sv.uio.no/english/studies/admission/guest-student/econ.html">guest student status</a>.</p>


          
          
        </div>
      
      
      
      
      
        <div id="prerequisites">
          <h2>Prerequisites</h2>
          
            <h3>Formal prerequisite knowledge</h3>
          
          
          
            <ul>
	<li>Bachelor's degree in Economics, or equivalent.</li>
	<li><a href="/studier/emner/sv/oekonomi/ECON1100/index.html">ECON1100 – Matematikk I</a> and <a href="/studier/emner/sv/oekonomi/ECON2220/index.html">ECON2220 – Mikro?konomi 2</a> or <a href="/studier/emner/sv/oekonomi/ECON2200/index.html">ECON2200 – Matematikk 1/Mikro 1 (MM1) (discontinued)</a>, or equvialent.</li>
</ul>

          
          
            <h3>Recommended previous knowledge</h3>
            <p>As a basis for taking the course, you should have background from the following:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Have a solid background in microeconomics, preferably with some understanding of basic game theory</li>
	<li>Have a basic understanding of welfare economics including the theories of externalities and public goods</li>
</ul>

          
        </div>
      
      
      
      
      
        
          
            
          
        
      
      
        <div id="overlapping-courses">
          <h2>Overlapping courses</h2>
          
            
            
              
                
                
                  <p>10 credits overlap with <a href="/studier/emner/sv/oekonomi/ECON3912/index.html">ECON3912 – Environmental, resource and energy economics for less developed countries (discontinued)</a></p>
                
              
            
          
          
        </div>
      
      
      
      
      
      
        <div id="teaching">
          <h2>Teaching</h2>
          
            <p>Lectures: 2 hours per week throughout the semester</p>

<p>Seminars: 2 hours per week during parts of the semester</p>

<p>The seminars will be integrated with the lectures, and will form an important part of the course by giving the students important practical skills and more hands-on training, in understanding and handling the topics of the course. Students are strongly encouraged to (attempt to) solve the problems on their own or in groups, ahead of the seminar sessions.</p>

          
          
          
          
          
        </div>
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
        <div id="exam">
          <h2>Examination</h2>
          
            <p>A 3-hour written exam.</p>

<p><a href="/studier/emner/sv/oekonomi/ECON4912/previous-exams/index.html">Previous exam</a></p>

<p>You must have been&nbsp;registered for the course autumn 2017 to sit for the exam. You register for the exam in <a href="https://studentweb.uio.no/studentweb/login.jsf">StudentWeb</a>. If you have problems signing up for the exam, please contact the Department of Economics: <a href="mailto:post@econ.uio.no">post@econ.uio.no</a>.</p>

          
              <h3>Digital examination</h3>

<p>The written examination is conducted in the digital examination system Inspera. You will need to familiarize yourself with the digital examination arrangements in Inspera.</p>

<p><a href="http://www.uio.no/english/studies/examinations/inspera/">Read more about written examinations using Inspera.</a></p>


          
          
          
          
            <h3>Language of examination</h3>
          
              <p>The examination text is given in English.You may submit your response in Norwegian, Swedish, Danish or English.</p>


          
          
            <h3>Grading scale</h3>
          
              <p>Grades are awarded on a scale from A to F, where A is the best grade and F&nbsp;is a fail. Read more about <a href="http://www.uio.no/english/studies/examinations/grading-system/">the grading system</a>.</p>


          
          
            <h3>Explanations and appeals</h3>
          
              <ul>
	<li><a href="http://www.uio.no/english/studies/examinations/explanation-appeal/">Explanation of grades and appeals</a></li>
</ul>


          
          
            <h3>Resit an examination</h3>
          
              <ul>
	<li><a href="http://www.uio.no/english/studies/examinations/illness-postponed/">Illness at exams / postponed exams</a></li>
	<li><a href="http://www.uio.no/english/studies/examinations/new-exam/">Resitting an examination</a></li>
</ul>


          
          
            <h3>Withdrawal from an examination</h3>
          
              <p>It is possible to take the exam up to 3 times. If you <a href="http://www.uio.no/english/studies/examinations/withdrawal/">withdraw from the exam</a> after the deadline or during the exam, this will be counted as an examination attempt.</p>


          
          
            <h3>Special examination arrangements</h3>
          
              <p>Application form, deadline and requirements for <a href="http://www.uio.no/english/studies/examinations/special-arrangements/">special examination arrangements</a>.</p>


          
        </div><div id="evaluering-av-emnet">
          <h2>Evaluation</h2>
              <p>The course is subject to continuous evaluation. At regular intervals we also ask students to participate in a more comprehensive evaluation.</p>


          
        </div>
      
      
      
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      <h2>Facts about this course</h2>
      <dl>
      
        <dt>Credits</dt>
        <dd>10</dd>
      
      
        <dt>Level</dt>
        <dd>Master</dd>
      

      
      
      
        <dt>Teaching</dt>
      
      
        
        
          
        
        
          
            
              
              
                
              
              
              <dd>Autumn 2017</dd>
            
          
        
      
      
        <dd><p>Last teaching semester autumn 2017</p>
</dd>
      
      
      
      
        <dt>Examination</dt>
      
      
        
        
          
        
        
          
            
              
              
                
              
              
              <dd>Autumn 2018</dd>
            
          
        
      
      
        <dd><p>Last exam autumn 2018</p>
</dd>
      
      
      
      
        <dt>Teaching language</dt>
      
      
        <dd>English</dd>
      
      
      
      </dl>

      </div>
            
              <div class="vrtx-frontpage-box">
                <h2>Contact</h2>
                    <p><a href="http://www.sv.uio.no/econ/english/about/contact/">Department of Economics</a></p>


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