Kinesisk multilateralisme og konsekvenser for demokratisk styring og naturforvaltning i Afrika og Latin-Amerika (avsluttet)

• Bull, Benedicte (2025). Does the Rise of the Global South Weaken Democracy? The Pivotal Case of the 2024 Presidential Elections in Venezuela. Forum for Development Studies. ISSN 0803-9410. doi: 10.1080/08039410.2024.2424582. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  It is a common critique of the Global South that its rising protagonism is a tool for authoritarian forces. The prominent role of authoritarian countries in coalitions such as BRICS and the Non-Aligned Movement, which claim to represent the Global South, has strengthened this concern. To shed light on those issues, this paper provides an in-depth case study of the 2024 elections crisis in Venezuela and the role of the Global South in resolving it. The question asked is to what extent countries identifying with the Global South were able to simultaneously promote democracy and adopt a foreign policy identity aligned with the Global South. The paper shows how the position and action of different Global South countries differed significantly, from an outright rejection of the fraudulent elections, to their endorsement. There were also concerted efforts by countries strongly identifying with the Global South to facilitate a democratic solution. The main argument developed is that a Global South narrative¡¯s interweaving of anti-imperialism and opposition against foreign interference with opposition against liberal democracy promotion has left a limited space for democracy advocacy among countries with a Global South identity. This may weaken democratic forces among Global South countries in the future.

• Bull, Benedicte & Rosales, Antulio (2025). Elite Dynamics and China's Influence in Latin-America. Development and Change. ISSN 0012-155X. 55(5), s. 1206¨C1229. doi: 10.1111/dech.12861. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The rise of China as a trading partner, lender, and investor is among the most significant developments in the global political economy over the last two decades. This shift has created important new opportunities for developing countries, but it has also introduced new challenges, with benefits and drawbacks unevenly distributed across different nations. This paper argues that understanding the developmental consequences of China¡¯s involvement requires studying not only Chinese priorities and modalities but also the interests and strategies of local elites. The development of Latin America has been profoundly influenced by these elite interests, which are shaped by the region's integration into the global economy. Elites may leverage the benefits of the relationship to China to enhance their rent-seeking capabilities and limit competition, thereby hindering development and perpetuating inequality in Latin America. This argument is examined through the contrasting cases of Chile and Venezuela: while Chile¡¯s approach to China has been dominated by private sector elites, Venezuela¡¯s has been driven by governmental elites. In both cases, integration with China is shaped by and in has in turn strengthened interests and strategies of the elites.

• Bull, Benedicte & Rosales, Antulio (2025). Authoritarian Capitalism in Venezuela: The Political Economy of Maduro¡¯s Disorderly Liberalization. I Polga-Hecimovich, John & Ra¨²l, S¨¢nchez-Urribarri (Red.), Authoritarian Consolidation in Times of Crisis: Venezuela under Nicol¨¢s Maduro. Routledge. ISSN 9781032601670. s. 76¨C93.
• Bull, Benedicte & Banik, Dan (2025). The Rebirth of the Global South: Geopolitics, Imageries and Developmental Realities . Forum for Development Studies. ISSN 0803-9410. doi: 10.1080/08039410.2025.2490696. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv Vis sammendrag

  The term ¡®Global South¡¯ has seen a resurgence in recent years, evolving from a synonym for the ¡®Third World¡¯ to a geo-historical concept representing low- and middle-income countries and emerging powers. Despite growing prominence in global policy debates, its meaning remains contested. In this introductory article to the special issue, we first discuss five distinct interpretations identified in the literature. We emphasize that Global South is characterized by internal diversity, evolving roles, and shifting alliances, while remaining anchored in the broader struggles for global justice and systemic transformation that give the concept its political meaning. The second part analyses the role of the Global South in reshaping global governance as countries within this grouping navigate strategic balancing between major powers, influencing emerging multipolar dynamics. Through a dialogue with the articles in the special issue we illustrate how the role of the Global South moves far beyond being critical of the west and a liberal world order, but rather both challenge and reaffirm some of the norms underpinning such an order. The third part discusses how South-South Cooperation (SSC) emerges as a vehicle for reconfiguring global cooperation, driven by strategic interests and diverse forms of engagement. The articles in this special issues provide examples of the multifaceted nature of this engagement. Overall, this special issue provides insights into how the Global South¡¯s complexities intersect with geopolitical shifts, challenging traditional norms and offering new frameworks for global governance transformation.

• Bull, Benedicte (2024). China and the New Geopolitics of Climate Multilateralism in Latin America. Iberoamericana ¨C Nordic Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies. ISSN 0046-8444. 53(1), s. 44¨C58. doi: 10.16993/iberoamericana.633. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Brauteseth, Bjorn Leif (2023). A Chinese Communist Party perspective on development and the environment: socialism through environmental development? Handbook of International Development and the Environment. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISSN 9781800883772. s. 100¨C120. doi: 10.4337/9781800883789.
• Banik, Dan & Mawdsley, Emma (2023). Special Issue: China and India in Africa. Journal of International Development. ISSN 0954-1748. 35(4), s. 537¨C668.
• Bull, Benedicte (2022). Caught in the Crossfire: The Inter-American Development Bank and US¨CChina Rivalry. Global China Pulse. ISSN 2004-4607. 1(1).
• Banik, Dan & Bull, Benedicte (2022). Multilateralism to the Rescue? Beijing¡¯s Support for Multilateral Institutions during the COVID-19 Crisis. Internationales Asienforum. ISSN 0020-9449. 53(2). doi: 10.11588/iqas.2022.2.14102. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Cezne, Eric & Wethal, Ulrikke Bryn (2022). Reading Mozambique's mega-project developmentalism through the workplace: Evidence from Chinese and Brazilian investments. African Affairs. ISSN 0001-9909. 121(484), s. 343¨C370. doi: 10.1093/afraf/adac019. Fulltekst i vitenarkiv
• Banik, Dan (2022). Democracy and Sustainable Development. Anthropocene Science. ISSN 2731-3980. 1(1), s. 233¨C245. doi: 10.1007/s44177-022-00019-z.
• Banik, Dan (2021). The 2030 agenda and the push for electrification in Africa: a tale of two countries, Environmental Sustainability and Economy. Elsevier. ISSN 9780128221884.
• Bull, Benedicte (2020). A new Global Resource Order, Elites and the Environment in Latin America. I Giovanna, Franca; Freire, Danilo & Mignozzetti, Umberto (Red.), Natural Resources and Policy Choices in Latin America. Konrad Adenauer Stiftung. ISSN 978-65-990084-6-7. s. 45¨C73.

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• Bull, Benedicte (2021). Latin-Amerika i dag: nye interesser og gamle b?nd til USA, Kina, Russland, Midt?sten og Europa. Cappelen Damm Akademisk. ISBN 9788202734541. 250 s.

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• Bull, Benedicte (2025). Debatten: Trump vil ta tilbake Panama kanalen. [TV]. NRK1.
• Bull, Benedicte (2025). USA truer med ?n?dvendige tiltak? i Panama: ¨C? Denne situasjonen er uakseptabel. [Avis]. VG.
• Bull, Benedicte (2025). Ekko: Panamakanalen. [Radio]. P2.
• Bull, Benedicte (2025). Chinas Changing Presence in Latin America: What does it mean for development and regional cooperation, seminar for EU diplomats.
• Bull, Benedicte (2025). USAs utenriksminister Marco Rubio bes?ker Panama. Her er fem sp?rsm?l og svar. [Avis]. Aftenposten.
• Bull, Benedicte (2025). Latin-Amerika i en ny global (u)orden.
• Bull, Benedicte (2025). BRICS: solidaritet i s?r eller Kinas og Russlands ekkokammer?
• Bull, Benedicte (2024). China and the New Geopolitics of Climate Change Multilateralism in Latin America .
• Bull, Benedicte (2024). Xi knytter stadig sterke b?nd i Latin-Amerika ¨C Trump f?r noe av skylden . [Internett]. ABC Nyheter.
• Bull, Benedicte (2024). Under trusler fra Trump ?ker Kinas innflytelse i Latin-Amerika. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116.
• Bull, Benedicte (2024). China y la Uni¨®n Europea en la transici¨®n verde en America Latina.
• Banik, Dan (2024). Beyond Trade: China's Cultural and Political Relations in Africa ¨C Joshua Eisenman. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Joshua Eisenman examine the significance of China's "Community of Shared Future for Mankind," its Belt and Road Initiative, and the African continent in the context of Chinese foreign policy under President Xi Jinping.

• Banik, Dan (2024). The US-China Partnership That Transformed International Trade ¡ª Elizabeth Ingleson. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Elizabeth Ingleson explore the historical transformation of the "Made in China" label, how the neoliberal shift in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s was pivotal for China's integration into the global capitalist system, and the geopolitical implications of China's rise as a manufacturing powerhouse.

• Banik, Dan (2024). Infrastructure, Governance, and Society in Modern Africa ¡ª Karuti Kanyinga. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Karuti Kanyinga discuss the benefits and challenges of China's infrastructure investments in Africa while also considering the impact of campaign finance on political equity and governance.

• Banik, Dan (2024). Democracy in the Balance: Navigating Latin America's Political Landscape ¡ª Gerardo Munck. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Gerardo Munck discuss state capacity, the role of political parties, and the interplay between democracy and development in Latin America.

• Banik, Dan (2024). Voices and Votes: Shaping the Democratic Landscape in Africa ¡ª Boniface Dulani. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Boniface Dulani discuss the mixed state of democracy in Africa, spotlighting upcoming elections, power dynamics, and public sentiment towards governance.

• Chasukwa, Michael & Banik, Dan (2024). Development Aid: Complementarity or Competition? The West and China in Malawi. I Chavula, Hopestone; Chataghalala Munthali, Thomas; P. E. Ngalawa, Harold & Dulani, Boniface (Red.), The Oxford Handbook of the Malawi Economy. Oxford University Press. ISSN 9780198890164. s. 121¨C140.
• Banik, Dan (2024). Shifting Paradigms: The Global South and Feminist Political Economy Unveiled ¡ª Sara Stevano. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Sara Stevano analyze the utility and limitations of the term the "Global South" and explore the transformative potential of feminist political economy to re-envision and restructure the global economic landscape.

• Banik, Dan (2024). Great Power Competition and the Global South ¡ª Ilaria Carrozza. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Ilaria Carrozza explore how countries in the Global South navigate the power dynamics between the US, China, and Russia, asserting their agency and strategic interests.

• Banik, Dan (2024). The Future of Industrialization ¨C Jostein Hauge. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Jostein Hauge unpack the historical and ongoing economic dichotomy between the Global North and South, underscoring the influence of power, politics, and historical legacies on the distribution and nature of industrial growth.

• Banik, Dan (2024). Rising Powers and the New Global Order ¡ª Rohan Mukherjee. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Rohan Mukherjee explore how the Global South seeks greater representation and status within the liberal international order, challenging Western-centric perspectives and advocating for more inclusive global governance.

• Bull, Benedicte (2024). Kinas endrede tilstedev?rese i Latin-Amerika: Multilateralisme og utvikling, foredrag for Utenriksdepartementet.
• Bull, Benedicte (2024). Hvorfor stemmer s? mange velgere i verden p? autorit?re menn? [Fagblad]. °ÄÃŻʹÚÌåÓý,»Ê¹Ú×ãÇò±È·Ö.no.
• Bull, Benedicte (2024). Las elites politicas desde Am¨¦rica Latina. [Radio]. Podcst de Anselmo Flores Andrade.
• Bull, Benedicte (2024). ?Puede el capitalismo autoritario resolver los problemas de Am¨¦rica Latina? Pensamiento Iberoamericano. ISSN 0212-0208.
• Bull, Benedicte (2024). Conversatorio Guangzhou: Hac¨ªa donde va la relaci¨®n China-Am¨¦rica Latina.
• Bull, Benedicte (2024). Venezuela: Demokratih?pet som brast. Hvor hender det?. ISSN 0801-9509.
• Bull, Benedicte (2024). Podcast: Demokrati i krise. [Radio]. Litteraturhusets podcast.
• Bull, Benedicte (2024). Forum 60 +: BRICS: Solidaritet i s?r eller Kina og Russlands ekkokammer?
• Bull, Benedicte (2023). Chile: Spydspiss i en ny, aktiv alliansefrihet? . I Bye, Vegard & T?rnquist, Olle (Red.), Gjenreising av det globale fellesskapet: Hvor ble det av solidariteten?. Forlaget Kolon. ISSN 9788230026229.
• Bull, Benedicte (2023). Am¨¦rica Latina y la UE: geopol¨ªtica entre Rusia y China. [Internett]. Deutche Welle.
• Bull, Benedicte (2023). Ikkje p? lag med Vesten: Latin-Amerika . [Avis]. Klassekampen.
• Bull, Benedicte (2023). Vesten b?r ?nske Latin-Amerika velkommen som en mulig uavhengig deltager i global politikk. Aftenposten (morgenutg. : trykt utg.). ISSN 0804-3116.
• Bull, Benedicte (2023). Nei, Kina har ikke kontroll p? kontinentet Rykker Kina virkelig inn i USAs bakg?rd? Dagsavisen. ISSN 1503-2892.
• Bull, Benedicte (2023). Urix p? l?rdag: Kina, Russland og Latin-Amerika. [Radio]. NRK P2.
• Bull, Benedicte (2023). Otra visi¨®n de China. El Grand Continent. ISSN 2824-1495.
• Bull, Benedicte (2023). En bekymringsmelding fra Latin-Amerika Vesten mister Latin-Amerika. Det haster ? gj?re noe med det. Dagsavisen. ISSN 1503-2892.
• Bull, Benedicte (2023). La rivalidad entre los EEUU y China y el impacto en Chile y Am¨¦rica Latina.
• Bull, Benedicte (2023). The World Stage: Does BRICS expansion signify conflict between the West and the rest? . [Internett]. NUPI Podcast.
• Banik, Dan (2023). Banking on Beijing ¡ª Axel Dreher. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development podcast.
• Banik, Dan (2023). The Politics of Poverty in a Changing World Order: Challenges, Strategies, and Promising Practices.
• Banik, Dan (2023). Decoding Development: The Crucial Role of Institutions ¨C Shiping Tang. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Shiping Tang discuss the pivotal role of institutions in shaping and influencing economic development.

• Banik, Dan (2023). Forging New Paths in Challenging Geopolitical Landscapes ¡ª Stephen D. Krasner. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development podcast.
• Banik, Dan (2023). Poverty and the new threat to prosperity ¡ª Indermit Gill. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development podcast.
• Banik, Dan (2023). How China's digital entrepreneurs are redefining innovation and reshaping the global economy ¡ª Lin Zhang. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development podcast.
• Banik, Dan (2023). India vs Kina (Panellist).
• Banik, Dan (2023). Unpacking the Backlash Against Globalization and its Impact on Inequality ¨C Pinelopi Koujianou Goldberg. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Pinelopi Goldberg discuss whether the world economy is deglobalizing and the extent to which we are witnessing the beginning of a new era.

• Banik, Dan & Mawdsley, Emma (2023). South¨CSouth Cooperation and global development in a multipolar world: China and India in Africa. Journal of International Development. ISSN 0954-1748. 35(4), s. 539¨C548. doi: 10.1002/jid.3789.
• Bull, Benedicte (2022). Great power rivalry and regional cooperation in Latin America: From US-led to Chinese dominated multilateralism? .
• Bull, Benedicte & Banik, Dan (2022). MultiChina Seminar: A changing face of China in Latin America and Africa: From economic statecraft to complex multilateralism?
• Bull, Benedicte & Orre, Aslak Jang?rd (2022). MultiChina seminar: Will China Come to the Rescue? Post-Pandemic Crises and the Role of China in Latin America and Africa.
• Bull, Benedicte (2022). Verden sett fra Latin-Amerika.
• Bull, Benedicte (2022). Vindu mot verden: Venezuela og Chile i en ny verdensorden.
• Bull, Benedicte (2022). Global morgen: Latin-Amerika i en ny verdensorden.
• Guo, Wei (2022). Chinese Multilateralism and its Impact on Environmental and Democratic Governance in Africa and Latin America (MultiChina) project introduction .
• Banik, Dan (2022). Africa's right to development ¡ª Mo Ibrahim. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development podcast.
• Banik, Dan (2022). Green finance in the Global South ¨C can it help combat climate change and aid sustainable development? . [Internett]. NUPI.
• Banik, Dan (2022). A New Narrative on Africa. [Internett]. NUPI.
• Banik, Dan (2022). Globalization and Asian Geopolitics ¡ª Shivshankar Menon. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Shivshankar Menon discuss India¡¯s place in a new world order and the extent to which the country is currently diversifying its foreign policy, how globalization changed Asian geopolitics, the strained relationship between India and China, the role of personalities in foreign policy, and the impact of the idea of India as a ¡°Vishwaguru¡±.

• Banik, Dan (2022). The development bargain ¡ª Stefan Dercon. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development podcast.
• Banik, Dan (2022). Breaking Bad: Understanding Backlash Against Democracy in Africa ¡ª Lise Rakner. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Lise Rakner discuss whether countries on the African continent are facing a democratic backlash, and how incumbent political elites are increasingly containing democratizing pressures through two interacting processes: legal institutions and international relationships.

• Banik, Dan (2022). The power of the Chinese state: Examination, Autocracy, Stability, and Technology ¡ª Yasheng Huang. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development podcast.
• Bull, Benedicte (2022). Global morgen: Latin-Amerika i en ny verdensorden.
• Bull, Benedicte & Banik, Dan (2021). MultiChina Webinar: BRI and SDG: Chinese lenders¡¯ credit policy and practice.
• Banik, Dan (2021). Summit diplomacy and African agency ¡ª Folashad¨¦ Soul¨¦. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
• Banik, Dan (2021). Francis Fukuyama on political development and political decay. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
• Banik, Dan (2021). Is it the end of democracy in Africa? ¡ª Nic Cheeseman. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Nic Cheeseman discuss how democracy is viewed on the African continent, the extent to which democracy has delivered development, whether the Rwandan model of development can be replicated elsewhere, and what should be done to stop elections from being rigged.

• Banik, Dan (2021). Local resistance against coal in Lamu, Kenya ¡ª Raya Ahmed, Omar Elmawi, Gino Cocchiaro. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik speaks with Raya Ahmed, Omar Elmawi and Gino Cocchiaro on how they were able to stop a major coal-fired power plant from being built in Kenya. How and why did the local population mobilise against the project, what was the response from the authorities, and what lessons does the Lamu case offer to other communities?

• Banik, Dan (2021). Reimagining development ¡ª Hannah Ryder. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
• Banik, Dan (2021). Beating the Odds: Jump-Starting Developing Countries ¡ª Justin Yifu Lin. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Justin Yifu Lin discuss the role of Bretton Woods Institutions in promoting global development, China¡¯s experience of achieving economic growth and eradicating extreme poverty, what worked and did not work in India, and the key conclusions from his book "Beating the Odds: Jump-Starting Developing Countries".

• Banik, Dan (2021). Living in a Materials World: Extractives on the road to Net Zero ¡ª Tony Addison. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development. Vis sammendrag

  Dan Banik and Tony Addison discuss the lessons learned from low-and middle income countries that have successfully managed their revenues from extractive resources, how these countries can benefit from growing global interest in transitioning to renewable energy, the impact of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) and the international community¡¯s future role in natural resource governance.

• Bull, Benedicte (2021). Baksiden av det gr?nne skiftet: Kampen om Latin-Amerikas litium. Dagsavisen. ISSN 1503-2892.
• Bull, Benedicte (2021). Et geopolitisk veivalg med milj?et som innsats. Dagsavisen. ISSN 1503-2892.
• Bull, Benedicte (2021). China and Latin America in the post-Trump era.
• Banik, Dan (2021). The Chinese approach to network-building. The Nation Malawi.
• Banik, Dan (2021). The remarkable expansion of South¨CSouth Cooperation ¡ª Emma Mawdsley. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
• Banik, Dan (2021). The impact of the sustainable development concept ¡ª Frank Biermann. [Internett]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
• Banik, Dan (2020). Crises and leadership. [Radio]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
• Banik, Dan (2020). Appreciating what works in development. The Nation Malawi.
• Banik, Dan (2020). Eric Olander on China-Africa relations. [Radio]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
• Banik, Dan (2020). Hvem vil risikere ? bryte b?ndene til Kina? Morgenbladet. ISSN 0805-3847.
• Banik, Dan (2020). Global inequality and the future of capitalism -- Branko Milanovic. [Radio]. In Pursuit of Development Podcast.
• Bull, Benedicte (2020). Latin-Amerika i en ny verdensorden.
• Wethal, Ulrikke Bryn (2020). Exploring the multiscalar politics of construction: Agency and the integration of Mozambican actors in Chinese-led construction projects in Mozambique .
• Bull, Benedicte (2020). Latin-Amerika: Fra pandemi til panda?konomi. Dagsavisen. ISSN 1503-2892.
• Bull, Benedicte (2020). Trump vil bryte uskreven regel, lanserer ultra-konservativ kandidat. Bistandsaktuelt. ISSN 1501-0201.

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