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      <h1>
      
        Use of sources and citations
      </h1>
      
      
        <div class="vrtx-introduction"><p>All the assignments you write at UiO must be your own, independent work and the result of your own learning and effort. It is very important that you use sources correctly.</p>
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      <h2>Main rules</h2>

<p>Through correct use of sources and citations, you show what you build&nbsp;your knowledge on. Scientific arguments and claims should be open to testing and criticism.</p>

<ul>
	<li>You may use other people’s material&nbsp;as sources of information about your topic and&nbsp;to support and illustrate your line of reasoning.</li>
	<li>All sources should be specified in your assignment, both in the text and in the list of references. This also applies when referring to your own previous work.</li>
</ul>

<p>Sources can be, for example, data, reasoning and arguments from literature, syllabus, lecture notes, web pages, other students' exam papers or your own previous exam papers.</p>

<h2>Cheating</h2>

<p>It may be considered cheating or attempted cheating to use other people's material in your assignment without informing about it. It may also be considered cheating or attempted cheating to use your own previous work without informing about it.</p>

<p><a href="/english/studies/examinations/cheating/">Cheating can have serious consequences for you as a student</a>.</p>

<h2>How to cite</h2>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://www.ub.uio.no/english/writing-publishing/referencing/">Reference styles for your subject area</a>. Different subject areas have different styles for sources and citations. Ask your teacher if you are in doubt about which reference style to use.</li>
	<li><a href="https://sokogskriv.no/en/sources-and-referencing/how-to-cite.html">Sources and referencing</a> gives a complete introduction to the use of sources, citations and reference styles.</li>
	<li>HF has its own <a href="https://www.hf.uio.no/english/studies/sources-referencing/index.html">supplementary information on sources and referencing</a>.</li>
</ul>

<h2>Questions?</h2>

<ul>
	<li>Ask the teacher of your course.</li>
	<li>You can also contact <a href="https://www.ub.uio.no/english/subjects/index.html">the librarian in charge of the subject at the library</a>.</li>
</ul>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

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          <span class="published-date-label">Published</span> <span class="published-date">Dec. 15, 2015 3:40 PM </span>
          
            <span class="separator-date"> - </span> <span class="last-modified-date">Last modified</span> <span class="last-modified-date">Oct. 27, 2023 2:22 PM</span>
          
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